This is another little guide designed to clarify some history for myself, as well as anyone who happens to read this . . .

The six orthodox schools of Hindu philosophy arose out of Vedic culture. These schools of thought are also known as the six darshanas or darsanas, and are often paired:

Nyaya – Based on the Nyaya Sutras. Has a logic emphasis. Knowledge comes from perception, inference, comparison, and testimony.
Vaisheshika – Has an added emphasis on atoms. Perception and inference are the main routes of knowledge.
Purva Mimamsa – Focus on the Vedas and right action.
Vedanta – Focuses on the Upanishads. Has six sub-schools: Advaita, Visishtadvaita, Dvaita, Dvaitadvaita (Bhedabheda), Shuddhadvaita, Acintya Bheda Abheda.
Sankhya/Samkhya – Strong theoretical focus on souls and matter.
Yoga – Gives techniques for meditation and transcendence. (Actions to match Sankhya’s theory- Almost. Yoga school of thought is more theistic.) Original interpretation later becomes Raja Yoga.

Today, the Yoga and Vendanta darshanas are the only ones which really survive.

The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali are the foundational texts of the Yoga school of thought. It is not quite known whether they were written by Patanjali or simply conceptualized by him. Hmmm…