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These are the foundational texts of yoga as we know it today. They are ascribed to the sage Patanjali, but history does not teach us to what level his authorship extends. This is the original Yoga darshana. It is called Raja Yoga today.

The Yoga Sutras are divided into four books or chapters:

  1. Samadhi Pada – Describes concentration and contemplation at a higher level.
  2. Sadhana Pada – Explains the practice or discipline of yoga. This is from where Eight-Limbed Yoga arises.
  3. Vibhuti Pada – Details power manifestation and progression.
  4. Kaivalya Pada – Explains liberation and realization.

Raja Yoga is a later term that was given to the past to distinguish the older Yoga from the newer Hatha Yoga. However, Hatha Yoga did develop from Raja Yoga. There are some differences to remember though. For instance, Raja Yoga starts with a purification of the mind which leads to the body, while Hatha Yoga has it start with the body and lead to the mind.